Predictive value of serum visinin-like protein-1 for early neurologic deterioration and three-month clinical outcome in acute primary basal ganglia hemorrhage: A prospective and observational study.

BACKGROUND: Visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1) appears as a biomarker of neuronal injury. We investigated the correlation of serum VILIP-1 concentrations with severity, early neurologic deterioration (END) and functional outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: In this prospective and observational study, serum VILIP-1 concentrations were quantified in 106 patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between serum VILIP-1 concentrations and END plus worse prognosis (modified Rankin Scale score of 3 or greater) at post-injury 3 months. RESULTS: Serum VILIP-1 concentrations of patients were closely correlated with hematoma volume and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Serum VILIP-1 concentrations were substantially elevated in patients with END or worse 3-month prognosis, as compared to other remainders. Also, serum VILIP-1 concentrations were independently associated with END and worse 3-month prognosis. Under ROC curve analysis, serum VILIP-1 concentrations exhibited marked accuracy for distinguishing patients with the development of END or worse 3-month prognosis. Its predictive ability was in the range of hematoma volume and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. CONCLUSIONS: Serum VILIP-1 may be a good biomarker for assessing hemorrhagic severity and clinical outcomes after ICH.

Elevated Serum Complement C1q Levels After Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Association with Poor Prognosis.

OBJECTIVE: Complement C1q is implicated in neuroinflammation. We intended to discern the relationship between serum C1q levels and severity in addition to prognosis following traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: In this prospective, observational study, serum C1q levels were quantified in 188 TBI patients and 188 healthy controls. Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and Rotterdam computed tomography (CT) classification were used as clinical and radiological indicators of severity. Patients with extended Glasgow outcome scale (GOSE) score of 1-4 at 6 months after trauma were considered to have a poor outcome. Multiple logistic regression model was built to ascertain the independent association of serum C1q levels with 6-month poor outcome. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was configured for analysis of prognostic capability with respect to serum C1q levels. RESULTS: TBI patients exhibited substantially higher serum C1q levels than controls (median, 223.9 mg/l versus 75.4 mg/l). Serum C1q levels of patients were tightly correlated with GCS score (r = -0.671), Rotterdam CT classification (r = 0.604) and GOSE score (r = -0.581). An area under the ROC curve was yielded of 0.793 (95% confidence interval = 0.728-0.849), and serum C1q levels above 345.5 mg/l discriminated the risk of 6-month poor outcome with 59.6% sensitivity and 92.6% specificity. Serum C1q levels above 345.5 mg/l retained as an independent predictor for 6-month poor outcome with odds ratio of 4.922 (95% confidence interval = 1.552-15.606; P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Elevated serum C1q levels are closely correlated with traumatic severity and independently predicted the risk of long-term poor prognosis after TBI.

[Response of ectomycorrhizal fungi to aluminum stress and low potassium soil].

Soil acidification, aluminum (Al3+) toxicity and nutrient deficiency could be some of the most important reasons for the decline and death of forests in tropical and subtropical areas. Ectomycorrhizal fungi for Al3+ resistance and nutrient mobilization are beneficial for preventing forests against Al3+ toxicity and increasing forest productivity. Therefore, Suillus luteus (SI 13), Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt 715) and Suillus subluteus (Ss 00) were grown in liquid culture medium with soil as the sole K source under Al3+ stress to study the fungal growth, organic acid and proton efflux, and potassium (K) unitization. The result indicated that the fungal growth, organic acid and proton efflux, and nutrient uptake, including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), were regulated by Al3+ concentration in culture solutions. They increased with increasing Al3+ at low concentration and after reaching a peak, they started to decrease. Fungal strain with high resistance to Al3+ also showed higher Al3+ concentration at the peak than those with low ability. Al3+ concentration at the peak of fungal biomass and N uptake by Pt 715 was four folds or twice of Ss 00 and SI 13, respectively. The uptake of P and K and efflux of organic acids and protons by Pt 715 were also higher than Ss 00 and Sl 13. All three fungal strains could utilize structural K in soil minerals and the utilization rate reached 2.10% for Pt 715, 1.43% for Ss 00 and 1.17% for Sl 13, respectively, which could be related to the types and amount of organic acids and protons.

[Effect of fibrous root extract of Coptis chinensis on soil microbes and enzyme activities].

Coptis chinensis is widely used as Chinese medicine herbs and serious soil problems occur after continual cultivation of this medicinal plant. In the preset experiment, fibrous root extract of C. chinensis (REC) was added into soil to study the effect of REC on microbes and enzyme activity in soil. The results showed that both bacteria and actinomycetes decreased by about 2 times in contrast to fungi, which increased by about 3 folds. Phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria, azotobacter, ammonia bacteria, and nitrifying bacteria were also reduced significantly by REC, suggesting the inhibition of nitrogen biofixation and supply, mobilization of phosphorus and potassium, ad plant growth promotion as REC added into soil. There were multiple influences of REC on soil enzyme activities. Invertase activity was stimulated, while urease was inhibited and dehydrogenase unchanged by REC, indicating the interference of biochemical reactions in soil. In addition, type and total content of phosphorus lipid fatty acids (PLFAs) , the signature of microbes, decreased while the ratio of bacterium to fungus PLFAs increased as REC increased in soil, which suggested that fungi increased relatively with bacteria decreased thereby leading to easy occurrence of crop fungus diseases following cultivation of C. chinensis. The decrease in diversity and evenness indexes of microbial community in soil by REC indicated soil ecosystem deterioration and reduction of microbial groups and densities in soil. Therefore, allelopathic chemicals released from the roots of C. chinensis could change microbial community structure and resulted in serious soil problems by continual cropping of this medicinal plant.